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Reading Passage 1 has five paragraphs, A-E.
Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number 1-8, in boxes on your answer sheet.
List of Headings
1. Avoiding an overcrowded centre
2. A successful exercise in people power
3. The benefits of working together in cities
4. Higher incomes need not mean more cars
5. Economic arguments fail to persuade
6. The impact of telecommunications on population distribution
7. Increases in travelling time
8. Responding to arguments against public transport
1. Paragraph A
2. Paragraph B
3. Paragraph C
4. Paragraph D
5. Paragraph E
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage?
In boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
6. The ISTP study examined public and private systems in every city in the world.
7. Efficient cities can improve the quality of life for their inhabitants.
8. An inner-city tram network is dangerous for car drivers.
9. In Melbourne, people prefer to live in the outer suburbs.
10. Cities with high levels of bicycle usage can be efficient even when public transport is only averagely good.
Look at the following cities (Questions 11-13) and the list of descriptions below.
Match each city with the correct description, A-F.
Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.
List of Descriptions
A successfully uses a light rail transport system in hilly environment
B successful public transport system despite cold winters
C profitably moved from road to light rail transport system
D hilly and inappropriate for rail transport system
E heavily dependent on cars despite widespread poverty
F inefficient due to a limited public transport system
11. Perth
12. Auckland
13. Portland
Complete the summary using the list of words, A-Q, below.
Write the correct letter, A-Q, in boxes 14-22 on your answer sheet.
| A. cost | B. falling | C. technology |
| D. undernourished | E. earlier | F. later |
| G. disabled | H. more | I. increasing |
| J. nutrition | K. education | L. constant |
| M. medicine | N. pollution | O. environmental |
| P. health | Q. independent |
Research carried out by scientists in the United States has shown that the proportion of people over 65 suffering from the most common age-related medical problems is 14. and that the speed of this change is 15. It also seems that these diseases are affecting people 16. in life than they did in the past. This is largely due to developments in 17. , but other factors such as improved 18. may also be playing a part. Increases in some other illnesses may be due to changes in personal habits and to 19. . The research establishes a link between levels of 20. and life expectancy. It also shows that there has been a considerable reduction in the number of elderly people who are 21. which means that the 22. involved in supporting this section of the population may be less than previously predicted.
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-H, below.
Write the correct letter, A-H, in boxes 23-26 on your answer sheet.
List of endings
A. may cause heart disease.
B. can be helped by hormone treatment.
C. may cause rises in levels of stress hormones.
D. have cost the United States government more than $200 billion.
E. may help prevent mental decline.
F. may get stronger at night.
G. allow old people to be more independent.
H. can reduce stress in difficult situations.
23. Home medical aids
24. Regular amounts or exercise
25. Feelings of control over life
26. Feelings of loneliness
Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-G, below.
Write the correct letter, A-G, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet.
List of endings
A. was necessary in order to fulfil a civic role.
B. was necessary when people began farming.
C. was necessary for the development of arithmetic.
D. persists in all societies.
E. was used when the range of number words was restricted.
F. can be traced back to early European languages.
G. was a characteristic of early numeration systems.
27. A developed system of numbering
28. An additional hand signal
29. In seventh-century Europe, the ability to count to a certain number
30. Thinking about numbers as concepts separate from physical objects
31. Expressing number differently according to class of item
Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 32-40 on your answer sheet, write:
TRUE if the statement agrees with the information
FALSE if the statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this
32. For the earliest tribes, the concept of sufficiency was more important than the concept of quantity.
33. Indigenous Tasmanians used only four terms to indicate numbers of objects
34. Some peoples with simple number systems use body language to prevent misunderstanding of expressions of the number.
35. All cultures have been able to express large numbers clearly.
36. The word ‘thousand’ has Anglo-Saxon origins.
37. In general, people in seventh-century Europe had poor counting ability.
38. In the Tsimshian language, the number for long objects and canoes is expressed with the same word.
39. The Tsimshian language contains both older and newer systems of counting.
40. Early peoples found it easier to count by using their fingers rather than a group of pebbles.